Types of communication devices

Types of communication devices Task 1a Identify and explain types of communication devices PDAs PDA stands for personal digital assistant. PDAs are like hand held computers. PDAs are used as mobile phones, they are used for e-mail, web browsing and as media players. PDAs are touch screen devices and the only keypad is built into the device. Wireless Network Interface Card Wireless NICs are network cards that connect to computer networks. These computer networks are radio based. Regular NICs connect wired through Ethernet cables. Wireless network interface cards work in modes: infrastructure and ad hoc. When using infrastructure mode, you need an access point to connect to. When using ad hoc mode you do not need to connect to an access point, instead you connect to other wireless devices. However, you need to be using the same channel and the same SSID. Switches Switches send packets to different IP addresses. Switches are an important part of a network because they speed things up. Switches allow direct communication between computers efficiently. LAN switches create a series of networks that only contain two devices. Routers Routers connect multiple devices to the internet at the same time. A router is a network device that forwards information. It can connect two or more logical subnets to the interface of the router. These subnets are not always mapped one to one. Routers store MAC addresses from computers that have used it to get on the internet. Bridges A network bridge connects network segments together. Network bridges are like network hubs because they connect network segments at the physical layer; however network bridges analyse data packets on other segments of the network. A bridge processes the information it receives and then works out the MAC address using the bridge. Computers A computer is a machine that follows instructions to manipulate data. Computers are very versatile because they have a lot of programs on them which make them different from calculators. As long as a computer has enough storage capacity and time it can out any computational task, no matter how large the task. Wireless keyboard and Mouse A wireless keyboard connects to the computer by using infrared or Bluetooth signals. An infrared wireless keyboard requires the signal from the keyboard to the computer to be in a straight line for the signal to reach the computer properly. Wireless mice work in the same way. They use infrared radio frequency signals to connect with the computer. Printers In laser printers, they scan the paper to make sure that the paper is in correctly. Then the print on the ink on the paper one line at a time until the print job is finished. All other printers work in the same way. Mobile phone with WAP Mobile phones that have WAP enabled allow users to browse the internet on their phone. It lets users use the phone like a computer and only lets users download music, videos and browse headlines. Radio A walkie talkie works on a half duplex transmission. It allows people to communicate from a distance. However, it only allows people to talk one at a time. Also other people with other walkie talkies can listen in on conversations. GPS (SAT NAV) GPS stands for global positioning system. There lots of satellites that transmit signals to the ground. GPS devices do not transmit signals they only receive them. To work well GPS devices require a clear sky and dont work well in forested areas. WI FI Wireless networks use radio waves like radios and mobile phones. Devices using wireless internet receive radio waves and internet connection. Wireless routers translate data into radio signals and send it to devices using the router to get on the internet. Chapter 2 Simplex Simplex transmission either sends or receives data. It allows transmission in one direction. Half duplex Half duplex transmission allows two people to communicate with each other. However, it only allows one person to speak at a time. Full duplex Full duplex transmission allows two people two communicate at the same and lets them both talk at the same time. Serial Serial data travels one bit at a time. It travels through data cables in straight lines, like single file. The data travels quickly because it travels one bit at a time. Parallel Parallel data travels simultaneously eight bits at a time. This can be faster than simplex transmission as parallel travels more bits at a time. However, it can also be slower than serial at times because parallel transmission needs wider cables to travel at its fastest speed. Infra-red Infrared radiation is electromagnetic. Infrared waves travel at a frequency that makes it invisible the naked eye. This is because its wavelength is larger than light. But its wavelength is less than microwaves. Radio link A radio link is a two way system of communication. A radio link is used to provide control over two different points from a distance. They send and receive radio waves. Laser Laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. It emits light using a process called stimulated emission within the electromagnetic radiation. The light that a laser emits is a narrow low-divergence beam. Optical lenses are used to convert these beams. Bandwidth Bandwidth travels in bits. Different bandwidths travel at different rates. Bandwidth is what is used to connect to the internet. Every internet connection has a bandwidth capacity and is measured in hertz. Synchronous Synchronous transmission synchronises transmission speeds when sending and receiving at each end of the transmission clock. Data is constantly streamed into both ends of the transmission clock and does not start and stop. Asynchronous Unlike synchronous transmission, asynchronous transmission starts and stops. Asynchronous transmission allows data to travel ten bits at a time. It adds a one or a zero to the start and end of a binary code. The first added digit is to let the transmission know data is coming through and the other at the end of the code is to let the transmission know that the code has ended. Digital Digital system technology uses discontinuous values. The discontinuous values include numbers, letters and icons. It also uses continuous values which include sounds and images. Analogue Analogue data travels in continuous streams. Analogue is more accurate than digital because digital uses ones and zeros which means they can only approximate audio and video signals. Error detection and correction There are several techniques that can be used to reduce data transmission errors: Parity checking and CRC are a couple of techniques. Parity checking Parity checking uses a parity bit. This is a bit that is added to a number of bits with the value one to make sure that it is odd or even. There are two parity bits: even and odd. When even, the parity bit is set to one if the total amount of ones is odd therefore making it even. When using an odd parity bit the parity bit is set to one if the amount of ones is even therefore making the amount odd. CRC CRC is a non secure hash function. CRC detects changes to raw computer data. A CRC enabled device calculates a short fixed binary sequence for each block of data. It sends or receives them at the same time. The device repeats the calculation when a block is sent or received and contains a data error if the result does not match. Chapter 3 TCP/IP Tcp/ip stands for internet protocol suite. The internet protocol suite is made up of a set of protocols that can be used on a computer network. Tcp/ip is made up of layers. These layers are the link layer, the internet layer, the transport layer and the application layer. SMTP SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol. The SMTP is what transfers the email data from one computer to another. The SMTP body is the entire message and is different from the message body. FTP FTP works similar to web pages. Every FTP server file is given a url so other computers ca find it when they are connected to the internet. Users can use web browsers or FTP clients to upload and download files. UPnP UPnP is used as a way of automatically forwarding ports so people dont have to do it manually. UPnP stands for universal plug and play. The goal of UPnP is to allow devices to connect to the internet effortlessly and simplify installation of devices and networks. Bluetooth Bluetooth is an open wireless protocol. It allows data exchange over a short distance. The data is transferred using radio waves from stationary mobile devices. This creates personal area networks. Stationary Bluetooth mobile devices can connect to multiple devices at a time, avoiding synchronisation problems.

Brazil

Brazil is perceived as a standout amongst the most multiracial district on the planet that involves a colorful, diverse and intriguing society made up of Local American, Africans, and Portuguese. The reason why I am focus on Brazil is because someday I would like to be apart of the diversity. I believe that understanding their culture better will enable me to develop sensitivity and appreciation towards Brazil culture. I would be honored to participate in many traditional celebrations such as the annual Rio Carnival, which is one of the world most exciting and inspiring cultural festival in South America. It would be a wonderful opportunity to experience cultural tradition food such as â€Å"Feijoada†, which is consist with black beans and some sort of meat you consider to add to make a stew. In the following cultural resume, I will attempt to present a comprehensive brief summary of the diverse Brazilian culture. This will include providing a broad overview of the country's profile that will includes the country geography, racial, ethnic and also, with cultural holidays, traditional foods, different languages, beautiful landmarks. Alongside, a summary of the country's history, political system, educational system and challenges that Brazil is faced with. The second section will be focus on challenging some of the biases and assumptions that I previously held about the country. This will also include an attempt to evaluate how my stereotypes and sensitivity toward Brazilian population has changed, and the major lessons that I have learnt by focusing on this country. Finally, I will scrutinize on the ways that I will make effort to communicate with people that comprise the Brazilian culture. Brazil is arranged on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean. The greatest country in South America running along 5000 miles from coastline to coastline through every edge in South America foresees from Chile and Ecuador. Brazil is on the coastline of Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. The Brazilian scene is enormous and complex, with sprinkled streams, wetlands, mountains, and levels connecting other real highlights and navigating the limits of states and locales. Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world. Brazil's physical condition and atmosphere fluctuate enormously from the tropical North to the mild South. The scene is overwhelmed by a focal good country area known as the Planalto Focal (Brazilian High countries, or Level of Brazil) and by the huge Amazon Basin which possesses over one-third of the nation. Brazil is a beautiful topical country. The restricted seaside marsh zone ranges from tropical in the north to mild in the south. The cool upland fields of the south have a calm atmosphere and an incidental snowfall. The coolest period is from May to September, and the most blazing is from December to spring. October to May is the blustery season. As of 2018 the Brazilian population is well over 200 million. Set at number 5 in populace among the 193 countries of the world. In Brazil the decent variety of the scene coordinates that of the general population possesses of it which is indigenous people, Portuguese, Africans (which came as slaves). Around 86 percent of the population is urban.

The Epic Of Gilgamesh And Analysis - 1436 Words

The Epic of Gilgamesh –Summary and analysis Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is an excerpt of the original text of the Epic listed in the Sources of the Western Tradition, 5th edition, by Perry, Peden and Von Laue (2003). The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of King Gilgamesh who is the powerful king of Uruk, the incidents in his life, the associations he makes, the encounters he has, and the transition that occurs in his life in relation to his gaining knowledge of the mortality of human life. The story further outlines the transformation that Gilgamesh gets with respect to his outlook after the traumatic death of his friend Enkidu, which makes him to embark on a quest for eternity. Gilgamesh subjects the people in his kingdom to hard rule. The Gods create Enkidu to counter him. Friendship develops between Enkidu and Gilgamesh and together they launch adventures for conquests together. In the process, they kill the terrible monster, Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven. For this, they incur the wrath of Gods, who decide to put an end to the lif e of Enkidu. Enkidu gets a dream about his impending death and dies after suffering for a few days with sickness. The death of Enkidu shatters Gilgamesh who wants to immortalize himself by escaping death. He goes in search of Utnapishtim, who is blessed with immortality by the Gods. Utnapishtim tells him that death is inevitable for a human and immortality is impossible to achieve. The Epic ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is a story of heroes fighting a war not in a battlefield but within their own selves and amongst each other, struggling with their own emotions and attributions to attain the best version of themselves and to fulfill the utmost quest of life. 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Furthermore, each mental fantasy referenced within the epic delineates the rationale of all beings to actRead MoreAnalysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh The epic of Gilgamesh is the earliest primary document discovered in human history dating back to approximately 2,000 B.C.E. This document tells a story of an ancient King Gilgamesh, ruler of Sumer in 2,700 B.C.E. who is created gloriously by gods as one third man and two third god. In this epic, Gilgamesh begins his kingship as an audacious and immature ruler. Exhausted from complaints, the gods send a wild man named Enkidu to become civilized and assist GilgameshRead MoreEpic Of Gilgamesh Literary Analysis1837 Words   |  8 Pagesmortality, divinity, punishments are told through stories of individuals and societies. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian book that was written long before the Bible. A comparison of the literary elements show several similarities that lead many religious and cultural scholars, as well as historians to contend that the accounts in the Old Testaments were derived from the Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh and Bible were both written as sources o f moral messages for religious practices and guidesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is a very popular epic that is difficult to understand at first, which is why there is different translations of the same book. Although Foster and Sander’s translations have a lot of similar words and the stories are basically the same, there are also a lot of differences between the two. One of which is more straightforward and easier to understand, whereas the other is more of an in depth thoughtful read for the reader. 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The only difference with Gilgamesh is he is one part deity and two parts human. Over the coarse of the Epic we see Gilgamesh’s demeanor change to a more humble one. This change can be attributed to the trialsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 738 Words   |  3 PagesBaily Broussard Mr. Guidry World History 4 December 2015 The Epic of Gilgamesh In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh terrorizes the people or Uruk. Because of this, they call out to the sky god Anu for help. Anu decides to turn to the goddess of creation, Aruru whom makes an equal for Gilgamesh. Aruru created Enkidu to be just like Gilgamesh and for them to contend together and leave Uruk in quiet. 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Jacobson, and compared it to Benjamin Fosters ‘A New edition of the Epic of Gilgamesh’ These two articles both critique the writings of The Epic of Gilgamesh but in different ways. Foster’s article is a critique on a critique that has been written about The Epic of Gilgamesh, where as Jacobson critiques the epic itself, so we are

The Pros And Cons Of Designer Babies - 1062 Words

There is a lot of controversy surrounding the world of gene manipulation. Whether the subject is cloning, genetic modified organisms, or even the use of antibiotics there will always be some type of ethical issue raised. One topic that has a lot of ethical issues surrounding it is designer babies. This research paper will explain what exactly a designer baby is, the pros, the cons, the reality, and the ethical issues surrounding genetic babies. So, what exactly is a designer baby? In layman terms, a designer baby is an embryo that is genetically engineered to display certain wanted, or even delete unwanted genes from the genetic makeup of that baby (Designer Babies). This is done by in vitro fertilization (IVF), which is the manual†¦show more content†¦Parents of a child who has one of these lives altering diseases, commonly states phrases like, â€Å"if I could take this disease away I would in an instant†. That phrase is now a reality with the fact genetic engineers are capable of ridding embryotic DNA of the option to even code for possible diseases. Along with having many pros, there are also cons to designer babies. One being the fact this is still a relatively new procedure done. There is still a lot to be learned about the human genome, let alone how to manipulate it. This being said, it is not really known how these designer babies will affect future gene pools. â€Å"Current techniques of genetic modification introduce genes at random places in the genome, which could disrupt the function of another gene crucial for survival† (Designer Babies). In a sense, this could create the butterfly effect; one small action, or change in the coding of a gene, could lead to other unwanted changes that may be worse than the original unwanted gene. Designer babies are not common either. It is very expensive, and more people cannot afford it. IVF alone cost around $15,000, and insurance rarely covers it. PGD costs an estimated $4,000 for every time the procedure is done. A couple who had two boys and multiple miscarriages desperate ly wanted their third child to be a girl. They spend $100,000 to guarantee the sex of their third child would be female (Ridley, Jane). This whole process could cost hundreds ofShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of Designer Babies2167 Words   |  9 PagesPros and Cons of Designer Babies Designer babies are babies, whose genetic makeup has been artificially screened and chosen by scientists, via genetic engineering. This concept has raised numerous ethical issues. Lets have a look at the pros and cons of designer babies. Did You Know? The term designer baby was actually coined by journalists and not scientists. 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Baby Nash was an experiment to help the client’s daughter, Molly, with a bone marrow transplant. She suffered from FanconiRead MoreDesigner Babies1566 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Review of Designer Babies: The Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Author: Siew Yang Yi Yin Ren. Designer Babies: The Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering. MURJ Volume 12, Spring 2005. Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism’s genome through direct human manipulation of the DNA using modern technology. Although classical genetic methods using selective breeding has been done by humans since thousands of years ago, the manipulation of genome of organism through advanceRead MoreGenetic Engineering The Perfect Child Essay example1024 Words   |  5 Pagesof their child into their own hands. Whether it is ethical, or not, to engineer designer babies is a highly controversial topic with numerous pros and cons. Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is the contentious technology fertility specialists use to engineer what are commonly referred to as designer babies. There are countless experts, scientists, and physicians that fall on either side of the designer baby argument. In an article from CBS News, Dr. Arthur Caplan, Ph.D (director of the CenterRead MoreAs Technology Continues To Advance In Our Society, Medicine1142 Words   |  5 Pagesthe ability to design their babies. IVF, also known as in vitro fertilization, is the process of pre-selecting embryos before implantation (Bonsor and Layton). This form of conception aids many families with infertility to experience pregnancy and birthing a child of their own. Through the use of Preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD), IVF scans embryos for genetic disorders to ensure a healthier baby. But is designing a baby really as great as it sounds? Designer babies may seem like the future ofRead MoreWhat Is Meant By Designer Babies?1542 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is meant by Designer babies? The definition of a designer baby is that, a babies genetic makeup has been selected to eradicate a particular defect or to make sure that a particular gene is present(English Oxford dictionary).During embryo screening, a scientist would be able to tell what physical characteristics a child will grow to have; as well as whether or not this child is at risk of developing or will develop genetic disorders such as autism, down syndrome, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’sRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Paper 3. Long, Blond Hair, Bright,1310 Words   |  6 Pagesthe human nature.   Genetic engineering, which includes the deliberate modification of human characteristics in a specific organism, causes controversy between people with difference in opinion (U.S.).   Genetic engineering for the aspiration of designer babies is not right, however utility for medical reasons of a fetus should be granted. In a New York Times article, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) panel states that they will only look into the scientific aspects of what they call mitochondrialRead MoreWhy People Should Not Embrace The Technology That Is Designer Babies975 Words   |  4 Pagesembrace the technology that is designer babies. The purpose of the discussion topic is to persuade people to against further research of designer babies. The general concept of designer babies is the hand-picked creation of a child, but the topic will be further discussed throughout this essay. Designer babies are an inhumane way to create a child and should not be promoted or legal in the United States. There are many videos based on the study of designer babies, as shown in the beginning of my